- Manganese
- Mn is the symbol of manganese, which is a chemical element in the VIIB group of the periodic table with an atomic number of 25. Its density is 7.43 g•cm−3. The melting point and boiling point of manganese are 1519 K (1246°C or 2275°F) and 2334 K (2061°C or 3742°F) respectively. Manganese is a silvery-gray metal that resembles iron. It is hard and very brittle, difficult to fuse, but easy to oxidize. Manganese is reactive when pure, and as a powder it will burn in oxygen. It reacts with water (rusting like iron) and dissolves in dilute acids. It is an important trace element which is essential for all species and is widely distributed in soil and oceans. As the 12th most abundant element in the Earth’s crust, it is widely used in alloys, batteries and chemicals.
Manganese is an important trace element which is essential for all species and is widely distributed in soil and oceans.
- Manganese: history and industry development
- The first utilization of manganese can be dated back to the Stone Age. Men were already using manganese dioxide as a pigment for their cave paintings during the upper paleolithic period 17,000 years ago....
- Manganese: resource distribution and production
- Manganese is the 12th most abundant element in the earth’s crust. According to the data released by USGS (United States Geological Survey) in 2014, global manganese reserves are about 570 million tonnes (metal content) with land-based manganese resources distributing irregularly...
- The applications of manganese
- At present steel making accounts for 85% to 90% of total manganese consumption. Manganese is often used by the steel industry in deoxidizing and desulfurizing additives and as an alloying constituent...
- Environmental effects of manganese
- Manganese compounds exist naturally in the environment as solids in the soil and small particles in the water. Manganese particles in the air are present in dust particles...
- Contents
- Reference
- Manganese:history, production, applications——IMnI
- Manganese: Global Industry Markets & Outlook, 12th edition 2012——Roskill
- MANGANESE——USGS
- Environmental aspects of manganese chemistry by Gabriela N´ ADASK´A, Juraj LESNY´, Ivan MICHAL´IK
- Manganese Nodules——National Geoscience Database of IRAN
- Market survey on manganese ore by Mineral Economics Division of Indian Bureau of Mines
- Manganese:applications
- Tungsten processing——ITIA
- Manganese: Sources, Properties and Applications——Azom.com
- Manganese Facts——About.com
- The Clinical Effects of Manganese (Mn) by E. Blaurock-Busch, PhD
- Manganese: Hazards, Exposure, Chronic manganese poisoning, Safety and Health measures——ILO
- Health and environmental effects of manganese——Lenntech
- The International Manganese Institute (IMnI)
- National Technical Committee of Manganese
- China's major electrolytic manganese metal producers plan to raise capacity in 2014——Platts.com
- Cancana Resources Starts Mining at Valdirao Manganese Mine in Brazil——Resource Investing News
- Eclipse Metals has DSO manganese potential at Mary Valley in Queensland——Proactive Investors